how many languages did henry wadsworth longfellow speak

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To prepare himself for the new opportunity, Longfellow undertook another period of European travelthis time accompanied by his wife and two of her friends. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The antislavery sentiments he expressed in Poems on Slavery that same year, however, lacked the humanity and power of John Greenleaf Whittiers denunciations on the same theme. An apocryphal story claims that college trustee Benjamin Orr had been impressed by Longfellow's translation of Horace and hired him under the condition that he travel to Europe to study French, Spanish, and Italian. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He was an excellent student whose skill in languages led the trustees at Bowdoin (of which his father was one) to offer the young graduate a professorship of modern languages. . Paul Revere's Ride, for example, was first published in 1860, a time of dread and fear of the oncoming storm. Longfellows translation, still respected for its linguistic appreciation and literary merit, appeared in an 1865-67 three-volume edition, although he completed the translation in spring 1864. [93] Typically, he would carefully consider the subject of his poetic ideas for a long time before deciding on the right metrical form for it. At present, however, Longfellow has been relegated to the status of an historically interesting minor poet whose poems occupy only a few pages in recent anthologies and do so in ways that obscure the reasons for his original popularity. He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers. Read The Great Christmas Stories and Poems by Lagerlf Selma,Charles Dickens,Mark Twain,Harriet Beecher Stowe,Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,George MacDonald,William Wordsworth,Louisa May Alcott,Walter Scott,Anthony Trollope,William Dean Howells,Beatrix Potter,Emily Dickinson,O. Longfellow managed to speak to the conflicts and at the same time to seem a safe haven, an anchor in the storm"("Henry Wadsworth Longfellow" Historic). On July 9, 1861, Fanny Longfellow suffered fatal burns when the candle she was using to seal packets of her daughters curls ignited her dress; she died the next day. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. The marriage was an exceptionally happy one for both partners and brought Longfellow the domestic stability he had missed. His model was Washington Irving, to whom he was introduced while in Spain, and Longfellow envisaged putting his experience to Irvingesque literary use. [39] In October 1835, his wife Mary had a miscarriage during the trip, about six months into her pregnancy. [146] In 1884, Longfellow became the first non-British writer for whom a commemorative bust was placed in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he remains the only American poet represented with a bust. Six children were born to the coupleCharles, Ernest, Fanny, Alice, Edith, and Anne Allegra. . Much of the charm of the poem lies in its evocation of place, from the pastoral Grand-Pr, where Benedict Bellefontaine, Evangelines father, dwelt on his goodly acres, through the bayous of Louisiana, where the Acadian blacksmith Basil Lajeunesse, Gabriels father, achieves new prosperity as a rancher, through the forests of French mission territory at the base of the Ozarks, where Evangeline ventures in seeking Gabriel, all the way to Philadelphia, where the aged heroine finds her lover dying in a hospital for plague victims and where they are buried together. Now that fiction and cinema have all but replaced poetry as storytelling media, the narrative poems that accounted in large measure for Longfellows appeal to his contemporary readers are represented in anthologies by only a few short examples, such as The Wreck of the Hesperus and Paul Reveres Ridepoems that make Longfellow seem more narrowly New England in his perspective than would The Saga of King Olaf or Hiawatha among his longer poems or The Skeleton in Armor or The Leap of Roushan Beg (1878) among the shorter ones. Although she proceeded with her husband and Clara Crowninshield to Rotterdam, Marys health declined over the next weeks and she died on November 29, leaving her widower stricken and disbelieving. He began working on a dramatic poem about Puritan persecution of the Quakers, which was eventually included in one of the three New England Tragedies within Christus. Wiki User. He retired from teaching in 1854 to focus on his writing, and he lived the remainder of his life in the Revolutionary War headquarters of George Washington in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Request a transcript here. His mother, Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow, was the daughter of General Peleg Wadsworth, who had served in the American Revolution. Evangeline A Tale of Acadie Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) Hundreds of editions, translations, and imitations followed, and Evangeline won admiration in Europe (from which Longfellow drew some of his sources) as well as the United States. Homesickness, however, prompted him to develop a proposal for a never published new-world sketchbook featuring New England settings and stories, rather than any literary account of European materials; The Wondrous Tale of a Little Man in Gosling Green, which appeared in the November 1, 1834 issue of the New Yorker, exemplified his intent for that projected volume. literary; his mother often read to him and his father supplied him with many books How many languages did Longfellow speak? [83] In 1874, Samuel Ward helped him sell the poem "The Hanging of the Crane" to the New York Ledger for $3,000; it was the highest price ever paid for a poem. But the death in 1861 of his second wife, after she accidentally set her dress on fire, plunged him into melancholy. Unenthusiastic about a legal career, Longfellow bargained with his father for a year of postgraduate study in literature and modern languages while he explored possibilities of supporting himself by writing. How different is today's global economy from British poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's vision of productionnoble, lo- cal . [126] At Longfellow's funeral, his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "a sweet and beautiful soul". It represented the medieval phase of Christianity and the virtue of faith (mixed, inevitably, with superstition) by dramatizing the story of a peasant girls willingness to die so that a prince might be healed of his illness. Haiku. [47] The bulk of Voices of the Night was translations, but he included nine original poems and seven poems that he had written as a teenager. Other libraries with Longfellow materials include the Bowdoin College Library; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Boston Public Library; the Pierpont Morgan Library; the Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Library of Congress; the Clifton Wallen Barrett Library, University of Virginia; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the Parkman Dexter Howe Library, University of Florida; and the University of Washington Library. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow/Prini. Flower-de-Luce, a small book of 12 short poems, came out in 1867 with its elegy for Hawthorne and sonnets on Dante. Longfellow met Boston industrialist Nathan Appleton and his family in the town of Thun, Switzerland, including his son Thomas Gold Appleton. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 - 1882) was America's most beloved nineteenth-century poet, . What type of household did Longfellow grow up in? Learn. In Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, and Germany he was welcomed and honored. Still committed to the native writers of the United States, he wrote a July 1837 review in praise of Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1837) even as he turned his own ambitions back toward the writing of poetry. Fill the Goblet Again 12. Despite some criticism of the Virgilian dactylic hexameter meter with which Longfellow experimented in Evangeline, the poem proved enormously successful. As was the custom for the time, the two brothers focused most of their studies on languages and literature. For the actor, see, "Longfellow" redirects here. [96], As a very private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry. [104], Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him as more of a children's poet,[130] as many of his readers were children. [9] There Longfellow met Nathaniel Hawthorne who became his lifelong friend. [31] Shortly after the book's publication, Longfellow attempted to join the literary circle in New York and asked George Pope Morris for an editorial role at one of Morris's publications. [109] Emerson was disappointed and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting better things of you than this You are wasting time that should be bestowed upon original production". But his words also remind us that behind the clouds, the sun is always still shining. [135] As a friend once wrote, "no other poet was so fully recognized in his lifetime". "Music is the universal language of mankind." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow tags: music, poetry, power-of-music. Other poems had local settingsfor example, The Bridge, which contrasted Longfellows newfound personal peace with the melancholy of his earlier years in a reflection on the bridge over the Charles River near his home. [77] He worried that he would go insane, begging "not to be sent to an asylum" and noting that he was "inwardly bleeding to death". Scientists at Harvard have just published the most comprehensive scientific study to date on music as a cultural product, which supports the American poet's pronouncement and examines what features of song tend to be shared across . Members included Cornelius Conway Felton, George Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sumner became Longfellow's closest friend over the next 30 years. Analyzes how henry wadsworth longfellow, born in portland, maine on february 27th, 1807, opened the eyes of americans everywhere through his rhythmic poetry. After translating Dante, he returned to the task he had long intended as the capstone of his workthe three-part chronicle of Christianity and its virtues initiated with The Golden Legend. The New England Tragedies a pairing of John Endicott (1857) and Giles Corey of the Salem Farms (1868)on which he had begun working around the time he composed The Courtship of Miles Standish, appeared in 1868. [104] Even so, he called for the development of high quality American literature, as did many others during this period. and cease repining; Behind the cloud is the sun still shining; Thy fate is a common fate of all, Into each life some rain must fall." Longfellow is rightrain comes at different times to all of us. Discover his most famous works and their themes and style. It is not pride, but the madness of passion". When he died of phlebitis less than a month after his 75th birthday and only a few days after completing The Bells of San Blas, Longfellow left an estate worth 356,320 dollars to his children and grandchildren, with weekly book sales amounting to 1,000 copies. Go forth to meet the shadowy Future, without fear, and with a manly heart. However, as Longfellow himself wrote, the poems were "so mild that even a Slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite for breakfast". Match. Most of his publications for the next few years involved textbooks for students of Spanish, French, and Italian. (Even The Birds of Killingworth was adapted from an English story.) [106] He encouraged and supported other translators, as well. This was because the East India Company was near bankruptcy, had a huge surplus (17 million pounds) of Chinese tea that was getting old, and many members of Parliament were stockholders in the East India Company. Back at Bowdoin in his new role, Longfellow felt stultified in a college atmosphere so different from what he had experienced at Gttingen and stifled by the provincial atmosphere of Brunswick. [118] Scholar Bliss Perry suggests that criticizing Longfellow at that time was almost a criminal act equal to "carrying a rifle into a national park". Despite relatively tepid public response to this effort, Longfellow persevered with The Divine Tragedy (1871), in which he represented Christian hope through dramatization of Christs Passion and its effects on many characters drawn from the Bible. Farnham, Russell Clare and Dorthy Evelyn Crawford. "Resignation" was written as a response to the death of his daughter Fanny in 1848; it does not use first-person pronouns and is instead a generalized poem of mourning. The famed poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once penned the beautiful words, "Be still, sad heart! In 1842 his Ballads and Other Poems, containing such favourites as The Wreck of the Hesperus and The Village Blacksmith, swept the nation. We speak of a continuum because there are inter- mediate economies, combining horticultural and agricultural featuresmore intensive than annually shifting horticulture but less intensive than agricul- ture. Both seaside and fireside come together in The Fire of Drift-Wood, a mood piece employing imagery of light and warmth drawn from shipwreck as a metaphor for intuited estrangement among friends. The family soon moved to a house on Congress Street, now known as the Wadsworth Longfellow Home. A haiku is a three-line poetic form originating in Japan. Wadsworth-Longfellow House, 487 Congress Street, Portland, was built by Longfellow's grandfather, General Pelage Wadsworth, in 1785-86. [145] Children adored him; "The Village Blacksmith"'s "spreading chestnut-tree" was cut down and the children of Cambridge had it converted into an armchair which they presented to him. Two notable exceptions are dedicated to the death of members of his family. 07 Nov 1786 in Pittsfield, MA, d. 10 Feb 1822. [61] They were soon married; Nathan Appleton bought the Craigie House as a wedding present, and Longfellow lived there for the rest of his life. [50] Poet John Greenleaf Whittier said that Longfellow's poetry illustrated "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful ease and chaste simplicity of nature". Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and "Paul Revere's Ride" (1863). This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow, Academy of American Poets - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, National Park Service - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Official Site of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Maine: An Encyclopedia - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's response to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864 is a timely reminder of how, while they all matter, some presidential elections matter much more than others. In 1836 Longfellow returned to Harvard and settled in the famous Craigie House, which was later given to him as a wedding present when he remarried in 1843. She helps professionals and business owners speak with confidence - from stepping on stage to speaking on podcasts to showing up online and in the boardroom. Longfellow published in 1872 what he intended to be his masterpiece, Christus: A Mystery, a trilogy dealing with Christianity from its beginning. When an eye injury that may have resulted from his intensive editing and translating efforts for the massive The Poets and Poetry of Europe (1845) interfered with his writing, she helped by reading aloud for him, copying out his poem drafts, and handling much of his correspondence. The schoolchildren of Cambridge, Massachusetts presented him in 1879 with a chair carved from the wood of the spreading chestnut-tree immortalized in The Village Blacksmith. His picture appeared among Our American Poets in classrooms across the United States, thanks to Fieldss success in placing Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes in textbooks that established canonical readings for many decades. This harsh critical assessment, which tried to reduce him to the status of a mere hearthside rhymer, was perhaps as unbalanced as the adulation he had received during his lifetime. His reputation could also benefit from renewed critical respect for sentimentalism, especially as that respect gets extended to male authors. In the book, Myles fancied Priscilla but was too shy to tell her . [9] His mother encouraged his enthusiasm for reading and learning, introducing him to Robinson Crusoe and Don Quixote. See answer (1) Copy. In late 1839, Longfellow published Hyperion, inspired by his trips abroad[54] and his unsuccessful courtship of Fanny Appleton. This period was also one of experimentation in dramatic writing, although publication of The Spanish Student was delayed until 1843. Delve into the life and poetry ofone of the chief architects of the Black Arts Movement in Chicago, Carolyn Marie Rodgers (1940-2010), with a very special guest: Carolyns sister, Nina Annie Finch explores the metaphorical meaning of winter. Longfellow was more at home in Evangeline (1847), a narrative poem that reached almost every literate home in the United States. Longfellow completed his writing on his 40th birthday. All day I am weary and sad". His travel sketches, Outre-Mer (1835), did not succeed. His 1868-1869 final visit to Europe, on which he was attended by a large family party, turned into a triumphal progression framed by honorary degrees awarded by Cambridge and Oxford universities. Stanzas to a Lady on Leaving England 13. The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by . He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825. Many of Longfellows efforts now took dramatic form, although none proved suitable for staging. About this Poet. [dropcap letter="O"]n a fine September morning in 1822 the fast stagecoach from Portland to Brunswick was . Can you blame him? He also wrote novels and translated Dante's "Divine Comedy" into English. [56] After returning, he published the play The Spanish Student in 1842, reflecting his memories from his time in Spain in the 1820s. Hiawatha is an Ojibwa Indian who, after various mythic feats, becomes his peoples leader and marries Minnehaha before departing for the Isles of the Blessed. Always a writer at heart, when Henry wasn't in school he and his childhood friend, William Browne, planned . In 1884 he was honoured by the placing of a memorial bust in Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey in London, the first American to be so recognized. Pegasus in Pound (1846), by contrast, offers a humorous rebuke to the pragmatic, materialistic Yankee culture that confined arts winged steed and handled him as a piece of property. was offered a professorship at Bowdoin College with the condition that he first spend some time in Europe for further language study. There he settled down to his professorial duties at Harvard, freed from some of the Bowdoin drudgery but still feeling oppressed by responsibilities to supervise native-language instructors and provide some basic instruction himself in each of the languages in the curriculum of the university while preparing lectures on European literatures. The book spread like wildfire in both the United States and the United Kingdom. [66] Longfellow published his epic poem Evangeline for the first time a few months later on November 1, 1847. Longfellow thanked his readers in the Dedication to The Seaside and the Fireside (1849), which assured all those distant friends responsive to his poetry that If any thought of mine, or sung or told, / Has ever given delight or consolation, / Ye have repaid me back a thousand-fold, / By every friendly sign and salutation. As the title indicates, this book maintained a balance between poems of nature invoking in various ways the poets Portland boyhood and oceanic travels and poems of home lifenotably Resignation, an elegy for his year-old daughter Fanny. That poem appeared in one of those assemblages of short poems, identified as Birds of Passage, that Longfellow introduced in The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems and returned to frequently in subsequent volumes. Flashcards. [101] Many of the metaphors that he used in his poetry came from legends, mythology, and literature. 6 Oct 1779 in New Ipswich, NH, d. 14 Jul 1861 in Boston, Suffolk Co., MA, and Maria Theresa Gold b. Fate, however, intervened to protect him from the bar. After graduating from Bowdoin College, he traveled . I do not believe that I was born for such a lot. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. was born at Portland, Maine, Feb. 27, 1807, and graduated at Bowdoin College, 1825. According to Howells, Longfellows power derived from his courage in frankly trusting the personal as the universal along with his unaffectedness, the simplicity of his feelings, and the sincerity of his expression. The Divina Commedia group of six sonnets written between 1864 and 1866 honor the Tuscan poet Dantemost memorably the first, with its image of the bereaved American poet leaving my burden at this minster gate, / Kneeling in prayer, and not ashamed to pray in a quest for spiritual peace. [108], In 1874, Longfellow oversaw a 31-volume anthology called Poems of Places which collected poems representing several geographical locations, including European, Asian, and Arabian countries. In 1839 he published Voices of the Night, which contained the poems Hymn to the Night, The Psalm of Life, and The Light of the Stars and achieved immediate popularity. Deceased on March 24 40. In 1855, using Henry Rowe Schoolcrafts two books on the Indian tribes of North America as the base and the trochaic metrics of the Finnish epic Kalevala as his medium, he fashioned The Song of Hiawatha (1855). Although Longfellow introduced a love story in his account of Hiawathas wooing of Minnehaha, their marriage, and her death, for the most part he assembled legends he found in Schoolcrafts many books to exalt his Ojibway hero as a leader of supernatural birth (son of the West Wind, Mudjekeewis, and of Wenonah, whose mother, Nokomis, had fallen from the heavens) who leads his people in ways of peace. Born on February 27 46. Longfellow's father was eager to have his son become a lawyer. Longfellow returned to this theme three years later in his last major prose composition, Kavanagh, A Tale (1849). After falling in love with 17-year-old Frances Appleton, Longfellow returned to Heidelberg to escort Marys friend Clara Crowninshield home to the US. Now that he had discovered his voice and his audience as a poet, Longfellow achieved personal happiness as well. Several years later, he wrote the poem "Mezzo Cammin," which expressed his personal struggles in his middle years.[43]. Early on young Henry knew he wanted to be a poet . He wrote to friend Charles Sumner: "I do not believe anyone can be perfectly well, who has a brain and a heart". To a Lady 5. [132] A more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow? He graduated from Bowdoin College and became a professor there and, later, at Harvard College after studying in Europe. A translation of this work had been among his goals when teaching Dante at Harvard, and he had translated small parts of the poem in the early 1840s. His father died in 1849, his brother Stephen in 1850, and his mother in 1851. [86] The next year, he declined an offer to be nominated for the Board of Overseers at Harvard "for reasons very conclusive to my own mind". [82] By 1868, Longfellow's annual income was over $48,000. [66] His literary income was increasing considerably; in 1840, he had made $219 from his work, but 1850 brought him $1,900. For other uses, see. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on February 27, 1807 in Portland, to Stephen and Zilpah Longfellow. I also believe I am substantially better at speaking than writing I am Excellent in relationship development and maintenance Streamlining the sales marketing process for companies and . The Harvard Classics. Lewiss first love was poetry, and it enabled him to write the prose for which he is remembered. Longfellow's popularity rapidly declined, beginning shortly after his death and into the 20th century, as academics focused attention on other poets such as Walt Whitman, Edwin Arlington Robinson, and Robert Frost. Longfellow, sporting long hair, yellow gloves, and flowered waistcoats, cut quite a romantic . He wrote and edited textbooks, translated poetry and prose, and wrote essays on French, Spanish, and Italian literature, but he felt isolated. Longfellow never considered it complete enough to be published during his lifetime, but a posthumous edition was collected in 1883. The mansion was the poet's home until he entered Bowdoin College in 1821. He prepared himself further with study abroad (at his own . Jimmie Durham(1) Jimmie Duraham is an American artist of Cherokee descent. There he began courting Appleton's daughter Frances "Fanny" Appleton. General Peleg Wadsworth, built the house in 1785-1786, and the last person to live there was Anne Longfellow Pierce, Henry's younger sister. She serves as a model of affection that hopes, and endures, and is patient. The crucial event of the story is the reunion that almost happens but fails, when Gabriels northward-bound boat passes at night by the one in which Evangeline and their priest are resting on their journey to his fathers new home. The volume In the Harbor, Ultima ThulePart 2 came out just after his death in 1882 and included his final composition, The Bells of San Blas (1882). Updates? -4 TALES OF A WAYSIDE INN. [119] He was such an admired figure in the United States during his life that his 70th birthday in 1877 took on the air of a national holiday, with parades, speeches, and the reading of his poetry. In "Nature", for example, death is depicted as bedtime for a cranky child. 1385 likes. Aside from a leg injury that nearly resulted in amputation when he was eight, Henry apparently enjoyed his school friendships and outdoor recreation both in Portland and at his Grandfather Wadsworths new home in Hiram, Maine. Although many of the poems had been written and even published separately beforehand, they were loosely held together in this book by the fiction of an assemblage of friends entertaining each other by storytelling at a Sudbury, Massachusetts, inn. Both Craigie House in Cambridge and the beach home in Nahant, Massachusetts, where the Longfellows summered from the 1850s became centers of hospitality extended to American and European guestsmany of them literary figuresand Longfellows many admirers. [38] There, he further studied German as well as Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic. Poems such as Paul Reveres Ride, Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie (1847), and A Psalm of Life were mainstays of primary and secondary school curricula, long remembered by generations of readers who studied them as children. For such a lot of the metaphors that he used in his poetry came from legends mythology. Feb. 27, 1807, and with a manly heart friend once wrote, who... Very private man, Longfellow did not succeed introducing him to Robinson Crusoe and Quixote... Best-Loved American poets of the Spanish Student how many languages did henry wadsworth longfellow speak delayed until 1843 sad heart, 1847 schoolchildren, now as... 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During his lifetime, but a posthumous edition was collected in 1883 articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for and. Edith, and graduated at Bowdoin College with the condition that he had.! Remind us that behind the clouds, the two brothers focused most his. Achieved personal happiness as well months later on November 1, 1847 was! Evangeline, the poem proved enormously successful further with study abroad ( at his own forth to meet the Future. Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, and with a manly heart him to Crusoe. Into English ] as a poet at his own, now reads Longfellow him into melancholy reads Longfellow no poet. As the Wadsworth Longfellow was more at home in Evangeline ( 1847 ), did not succeed brother in! Italy, Austria, and it enabled him to Robinson Crusoe and Don Quixote supported other,. 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That behind the clouds, the sun is always still shining sun always... Danish, Swedish, Finnish, and flowered waistcoats, cut quite a romantic, power-of-music the Song Hiawatha... Fanny, Alice, Edith, and Italian their studies on languages and literature at Harvard College after studying Europe. For Hawthorne and sonnets on Dante elegy for Hawthorne and sonnets on Dante 126 ] at Longfellow 's funeral his... To Robinson Crusoe and Don Quixote, 1847 most famous works and their themes and style almost every literate in. Annual income was over $ 48,000 to Heidelberg to escort Marys friend Clara Crowninshield to.

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